Ken Rogoff of Harvard tells Bloomberg that the Fed will likely roll out a new round of quantitative easing. “They certainly should do something right away,” says the co-author of This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly.

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Why This Crisis Differs From the 2008 Version
The Wall Street Journal | Aug 9
There are three fundamental differences between the financial crisis of three years ago and today’s events. Starting from the most obvious: The two crises had completely different origins. The older one spread from the bottom up. It began among over-optimistic home buyers, rose through the Wall Street securitization machine, with more than a little help from credit-rating firms, and ended up infecting the global economy. It was the financial sector’s breakdown that caused the recession. The current predicament, by contrast, is a top-down affair. Governments around the world, unable to stimulate their economies and get their houses in order, have gradually lost the trust of the business and financial communities.

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Standard & Poor’s thinks the U.S. no longer deserves a triple-A credit rating. The Treasury market disagrees and so does David Levey, former managing director, sovereign ratings, at Moody’s (1985-2004). Rajiv Sethi, professor of economics at Columbia, has the details.

The stock market was crushed today, with the S&P 500 falling nearly 7%. The proximate cause of the mayhem: Standard & Poor’s downgrade of the U.S. government credit rating. But a funny thing happened on the path to demoting Treasuries: prices of these tarnished securities soared.

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The week ahead will surely be a stress test. Friday’s downgrade of the U.S. credit rating, although hardly a surprise, seems to have unleashed a higher round of risk aversion in world markets. Equity prices are tumbling around the globe, and early indicators suggest that no less is in store for stocks in the U.S. today. What’s the economic logic behind the selling? The main worry is deflation. Yes, it looked like that problem was solved. Many analysts have continued to scream that inflation was the main challenge ahead. But the one-two punch of deleveraging and slow growth that has plagued the U.S. and mature economies never really went away. These risks were always lurking in the background, waiting to re-emerge, if and when there was a new catalyst.

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● The Era of Uncertainty: Global Investment Strategies for Inflation, Deflation, and the Middle Ground
By Francois Trahan and Katherine Krantz
Summary via publisher, Wiley
The recent credit crisis in the United States ushered in a new era of uncertainty. Like other bubbles, it was born out of an extended period of easy money that fueled prosperity and engendered speculation, but it was not the same as a euphoric run up and crash of technology stocks; it was an assault on two pillars holding up middle-class America: homes and credit. The remaining two pillars—employment income and investments—were collateral damage. People can no longer count on ample access to credit, increasing home values, and abundant job opportunities to propel them into a better lifestyle. In The Era of Uncertainty: Global Investment Strategies for Inflation, Deflation, and the Middle Ground, François Trahan, Vice Chairman and Chief Investment Strategist of Wolfe Trahan & Co, and Katherine Krantz, Managing Director and Founding Partner of Miracle Mile Advisors, LLC, present a new framework for investing in a dynamic, macro-driven world. The book addresses the creation and aftermath of bubbles from a top-down perspective and shows how applying the macro framework can help investors profit from the interwoven inflationary and deflationary scenarios likely to evolve in the next several years. It also examines the role of macro analysis in the markets: how top-down forces influence the direction of financial markets; how including macro analysis in research improves the odds of investment profits; and the potential pitfalls of ignoring macro trends in the investment process.

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Today’s jobs report isn’t great, but it’s better. For the moment, that’s good news–great news, if you consider the alternative outcome implied by yesterday’s steep market loss. Private-sector payrolls rose by 154,000 in July, nearly double June’s revised 80,000 gain. Although government jobs overall decreased 37,000 last month, the momentum in the private sector was enough to bring the unemployment rate down ever so slightly to 9.1%. In short, we dodged another bullet. There are still plenty of challenges ahead, as there have been all along, but today’s payrolls report for the private sector is strong enough to keep the recession risk at bay, if only on the margins and just long enough until the next data point arrives.

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Odds of double-dip recession grow
MercuryNews | Aug 4
In a report titled “Markets tumble, recession alarm bells ring,” consulting firm IHS Global Insight Thursday put the odds of a new recession at 40 percent. Vanguard economists are estimating the odds of a double-dip recession at around 35 percent to 40 percent, up from 30 percent last year, [Roger] Aliaga-Diaz [Vanguard Fund senior economist] said. Economists still consider the most likely scenario to be a very slow-growing economy that feels like a recession, but isn’t one officially.
NY Fed Model: 1-in-125 Chance of 2012 Double-Dip
Carpe Diem (Professor Mark Perry) | Aug 4
The New York Federal Reserve updated its “Probability of U.S. Recession Predicted by Treasury Spread” this week with treasury yield data through July 2011, and the Fed’s recession probability forecast through July 2012. The NY Fed’s Treasury model uses the spread between the yields on 10-year Treasury notes (3.00% in July) and 3-month Treasury bills (0.04%) to calculate the probability of a U.S. recession up to twelve months ahead (see details here) using the spread between those two yields (2.96% in July).

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The digital ink was barely dry on this morning’s post, which discussed the relationship between the S&P 500’s rolling one-year price return and the onset of recessions, when Mr. Market went into one of rare but far-from-unprecedented hissy fits. By the end of the day’s trading, the S&P had a new haircut with a price tag that pinched the numbers by 4.8%. What does it mean for the market’s forecast on the macro outlook? The good news is that even after today’s rout, the S&P 500 is still up roughly 6.5% vs. a year ago on a price basis. The bad news is that the margin of comfort is fading—fast, at least by today’s standard.

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Is there a new recession looming? That’s the burning question (again) these days, and understandably so. The slowdown in job creation is reason enough to worry. As troubling as that is, there’s discouraging news on consumer spending and weak July reports for the manufacturing and services sectors. Adding to the anxiety is the fear that the push in Washington to cut spending at a time of weak economic growth will only exacerbate the problem, although the pro-austerity crowd argues otherwise. All of which sets us up for the latest update on initial jobless claims. Unfortunately, the number du jour doesn’t tell us much.

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